java - Struts2.3.12 junit4 testcase request & session are null

Question

I have already gone through this solution : Struts 2 JUnit Plugin v2.2.3: Test Class Extending StrutsTestCase; 'request' is null

But I'm already not having struts2-spring plugin, and neither I'm using spring in my application.

I have 3 test-cases, 2 fails at request being null and one fails at session being null

First Stacktrace

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor.before(MessageStoreInterceptor.java:228)
    at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor.intercept(MessageStoreInterceptor.java:193)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:246)
    at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
    at actions.TestIoOptimizationAction.login(TestIoOptimizationAction.java:29)

corresponds to

            Collection actionErrors = (Collection) session.get(actionErrorsSessionKey);

Second & Third test stacktrace

java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.getErrorMessage(StrutsActionProxy.java:69)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:185)
    at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63)
    at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39)
    at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58)
    at org.apache.struts2.StrutsJUnit4TestCase.getActionProxy(StrutsJUnit4TestCase.java:149)

corresponds to

        String contextPath = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getContextPath();

I believe there is some dependency issues. I've tried removing a few dependencies one-by-one and in-combination, but neither worked.

Here's how my POM looks like :

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.paypal.sdk</groupId>
            <artifactId>rest-api-sdk</artifactId>
            <version>0.7.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
            <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
            <version>2.12</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.0</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-beanutils-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
            <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0.GA</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
            <version>${struts.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-tiles-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-junit-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${struts.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.1</version>
            <type>jar</type>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jboss.spec</groupId>
            <artifactId>jboss-javaee-6.0</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.Final</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.myfaces.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>myfaces-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.11</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
            <artifactId>jasperreports</artifactId>
            <version>3.7.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>xml-apis</groupId>
            <artifactId>xml-apis</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.01</version>
        </dependency>            
    </dependencies>
<properties>
        <struts.version>2.3.12</struts.version>
        <hibernate.version>3.6.10.Final</hibernate.version>
        <struts.jquery.version>3.5.1</struts.jquery.version>
        <netbeans.compile.on.save>all</netbeans.compile.on.save>
        <netbeans.hint.deploy.server>Tomcat</netbeans.hint.deploy.server>
    </properties>

Update - The tests looks like

@Test
public void login() throws Exception {
    request.setParameter("email", "nitin.cool4urchat@gmail.com");
    request.setParameter("password", "22");
    ActionProxy proxy = getActionProxy("login");
    String result = proxy.execute();
    assertEquals("success", result);
    System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());
}

@Test
public void testView() throws Exception {
    ActionProxy proxy = getActionProxy("/optimize/view");
    String result = proxy.execute();
    assertEquals("success", result);
    System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());

    proxy = getActionProxy("/optimize/view/23");
    result = proxy.execute();
    assertEquals("success", result);
    System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());

    proxy = getActionProxy("/optimize/view/110");
    result = proxy.execute();
    assertEquals("success", result);
    System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());
}

@Test
public void testSave() throws Exception {
    request.setContent("{"id":"1","name":"nitin"}".getBytes());
    request.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
    request.setMethod("POST");

    ActionProxy proxy = getActionProxy("/save");
    actions.IoOptimizationAction myAct = (actions.IoOptimizationAction) proxy.getAction();

    String result = proxy.execute();

    assertEquals("success", result);
    System.out.println(response.getContentAsString());
}

UPDATE I changed the test to executeAction as suggested & hence, the 2nd test now looks like

 @Test
    public void testView() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(ActionContext.getContext());
        System.out.println(executeAction("optimize/view"));
}

The error stacktrace is :

[2013-10-29 14:50:38.766] [ WARN] MockServletContext.getRealPath:298 - Couldn't determine real path of resource class path resource [org/apache/struts2/dispatcher/error_en_US.ftl]
java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [org/apache/struts2/dispatcher/error_en_US.ftl] cannot be resolved to URL because 

Answer 1

If you are using getActionProxy method to execute your actions then you need to set new session map into the invocation context.

ActionProxy actionProxy = getActionProxy("/action");
Map<String, Object> sessionMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
actionProxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setSession(sessionMap);
actionProxy.execute();

If you don't need reference to action proxy then you can use executeAction method. Note that executeAction will return actual output of the result, not the result returned from execute method.