python - How napoleon and autodoc interact documenting members

Question

I noticed a change in behavior in how Sphinx renders class descriptions. Given this code

# my example happens to be a dataclass, but the behavior for 
# regular classes is the same
@dataclass
class TestClass:
    """This is a test class for dataclasses.

    This is the body of the docstring description.
    """
    var_int: int
    var_str: str

plus some generic Sphinx settings, I used to get this about two years ago

And am now getting this

Is there a way to tell Sphinx not to add the class variables to the bottom of the class definition? It's particularly annoying that it assumes their values to be None, just because they don't have defaults.

---

This issue came up during discussions on this post, which also contains a bit more context in comments regarding Sphinx configuration etc.

Answer 1

Members of an object are included by an autodoc directive depending if:

• the :members: option is used (for members with docstrings).
• the :undoc-members: option is used (for members without docstrings).

For example:

dc module
=========

.. autoclass:: dc.Foo

In the above .rst file the autodoc directive does not have explicit options set, what Sphinx will do is implicitly apply the option flags taken from the autodoc_default_flags in conf.py.

Setting the following in conf.py would cause all members of an object (with or without docstrings) to be included by Sphinx in all directives that do not explicitly specify options.

# autodoc settings
autodoc_default_options = {
    'members':          True,
    'undoc-members':    True,
}

The result:

However, this raises a question: What do autodoc and sphinx-napoleon extensions do if members are explicitly specified in the Attributes docstring section but also included by the autodoc extension?

Docstrings

Napoleon interprets every docstring that autodoc can find (...) Inside each docstring, specially formatted Sections are parsed and converted to reStructuredText.

For example, using the following docstring together with the options specified above in autodoc_default_options.

import dataclasses

@dataclasses.dataclass
class Foo:
    """Docstring for Foo

    Attributes:
        var_a (str): An integer.
        var_b (int): A string.
    """
    var_a: str
    var_b: int

In this case members will be declared twice, once by each extension, with the corresponding reST declaration being generated as a duplicate. Having a duplicate reST declaration will lead to the usual warning:

C:dc.py:docstring of dc.Foo.var_a:1: WARNING: duplicate object description of dc.Foo.var_a, other instance in dc, use :noindex: for one of them

C:dc.py:docstring of dc.Foo.var_b:1: WARNING: duplicate object description of dc.Foo.var_b, other instance in dc, use :noindex: for one of them

Here one difference can be noted: sphinx-napoleon will declare the member in its own docstring section whereas autodoc will render it normally as other members. The visual difference will depend on theme, for example using classic theme:

Finally, if you want to document members using sphinx-napoleon docstring sections and avoid a duplicate reST declaration from autodoc while keeping autodoc_default_options as shown, you can explicitly use :exclude-members: option in that specific directive, for example:

dc module
=========

.. autoclass:: dc.Foo
    :exclude-members: var_a, var_b

Would document the members using only sphinx-napoleon generated reST directives: