Unfortunately you can't bold symbols using the bold font, see this question on tex.stackexchange.
As the answer suggests, you could use oldsymbol
to bold phi:
r'$oldsymbol{phi}$'
You'll need to load amsmath
into the TeX preamble:
matplotlib.rc('text', usetex=True)
matplotlib.rcParams['text.latex.preamble']=[r"usepackage{amsmath}"]
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…