python 3.x - 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x92 in position 18: invalid start byte

Question

I am trying to read in a dataset called df1, but it does not work

import pandas as pd
df1=pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tuyenhavan/Statistics/Dataset/World_Life_Expectancy.csv",sep=";")

df1.head()

Here are huge errors from the above code, but this is the most relevant

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0x92 in position 18: invalid start byte

Answer 1

The data is indeed not encoded as UTF-8; everything is ASCII except for that single 0x92 byte:

b'Korea, Dem. Peoplex92s Rep.'

Decode it as Windows codepage 1252 instead, where 0x92 is a fancy quote, ’:

df1 = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tuyenhavan/Statistics/Dataset/World_Life_Expectancy.csv",
                  sep=";", encoding='cp1252')

Demo:

>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df1 = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tuyenhavan/Statistics/Dataset/World_Life_Expectancy.csv",
...                   sep=";", encoding='cp1252')
>>> df1.head()
                   2000  2001  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  
0     Afghanistan  55.1  55.5  55.9  56.2  56.6  57.0  57.4  57.8  58.2  58.6
1         Albania  74.3  74.7  75.2  75.5  75.8  76.1  76.3  76.5  76.7  76.8
2         Algeria  70.2  70.6  71.0  71.4  71.8  72.2  72.6  72.9  73.2  73.5
3  American Samoa    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..
4         Andorra    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..    ..

   2010  2011  2012  2013  Unnamed: 15  2014  2015
0  59.0  59.3  59.7  60.0          NaN  60.4  60.7
1  77.0  77.2  77.4  77.6          NaN  77.8  78.0
2  73.8  74.1  74.3  74.6          NaN  74.8  75.0
3    ..    ..    ..    ..          NaN    ..    ..
4    ..    ..    ..    ..          NaN    ..    ..

I note however, that Pandas seems to take the HTTP headers at face value too and produces a Mojibake when you load your data from a URL. When I save the data directly to disk, then load it with pd.read_csv() the data is correctly decoded, but loading from the URL produces re-coded data:

>>> df1[' '][102]
'Korea, Dem. Peoplea€?s Rep.'
>>> df1[' '][102].encode('cp1252').decode('utf8')
'Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.'

This is a known bug in Pandas. You can work around this by using urllib.request to load the URL and pass that to pd.read_csv() instead:

>>> import urllib.request
>>> with urllib.request.urlopen("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tuyenhavan/Statistics/Dataset/World_Life_Expectancy.csv") as resp:
...     df1 = pd.read_csv(resp, sep=";", encoding='cp1252')
...
>>> df1[' '][102]
'Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.'