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browser - Caching effect on CORS: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource

The short version of this issue is we are seeing the typical CORS error (x has been blocked by CORS policy: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.) however we are absolutely sending the specified headers. The requests are fine to begin with however after n (pattern undetermined) amount of time SOME (no real pattern to this other than it's a random 1 or 2 assets referenced in the html file) requests will suddenly start failing. On a hard refresh or with disabling cache, the issue is resolved.

We're wondering how caching may affect CORS in this case? Or if the issue lies elsewhere?

What we see is the asset is loaded fine in the first instance.

Here's a cURL representation of what the browser (chrome, not tested elsewhere) sends to the server (cloudfront in front of s3):

curl -I 'https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.allapps.add899080acbbeed5bb6a7301d234b65.css' -H 'Referer: https://lystable.kalohq.ink/projects/2180?edit=true' -H 'Origin: https://lystable.kalohq.ink' -H 'DPR: 2' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gec

And the headers in response to this look like:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/css
Content-Length: 5632
Connection: keep-alive
Date: Wed, 28 Jun 2017 09:23:04 GMT
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET
Access-Control-Max-Age: 3000
Last-Modified: Wed, 28 Jun 2017 09:16:15 GMT
ETag: "ece4babc2509d989254638493ff4c742"
Cache-Control: max-age=31556926
Content-Encoding: gzip
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Server: AmazonS3
Vary: Origin,Access-Control-Request-Headers,Access-Control-Request-Method
Age: 3384
X-Cache: Hit from cloudfront
Via: 1.1 adc13b6f5827d04caa2efba65479257c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
X-Amz-Cf-Id: PcC2qL04aC4DPtNuwCudckVNM3QGhz4jiDL10IDkjIBnCOK3hxoMoQ==

After this you can browse the site for a while, refresh a few times and everything is fine and dandy.

But then you might refresh and suddenly you see the error in console:

Access to CSS stylesheet at 'https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.allapps.add899080acbbeed5bb6a7301d234b65.css' from origin 'https://kalohq.ink' has been blocked by CORS policy: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'https://kalohq.ink' is therefore not allowed access.

At this point if you hard-refresh or disable the cache and reload the page everything goes back to working. This is why we're pointing at browser caching behaviour playing with CORS at this point.

The HTML file loading these assets is as follows:

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><title>Kalo</title><meta name="description" content="Kalo is used by the best teams on the planet to onboard, manage, and pay their freelancers. "><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta http-equiv="Accept-CH" content="Width,DPR,Save-Data"><script>window.performance&&"function"==typeof window.performance.mark&&window.performance.mark("start load bootstrap"),console.log("Kalo v0.214.1 ??")</script><script type="text/javascript" crossorigin="anonymous">window.webpackManifest={0:"moment-timezone-data.8189aab661847dea1b73.chunk.js",1:"1.7645e36f0742ed31139b.chunk.js",2:"2.bf0a1c9b400d715e3138.chunk.js",3:"3.d077b7a1cede6f6960e6.chunk.js",4:"4.0bbd51f182d8fa3f4951.chunk.js",5:"5.1dcf124ea7874546fc7a.chunk.js",6:"6.85ee04326ef5cfe2c084.chunk.js",7:"7.cf718eabaa3814fcb47c.chunk.js",8:"8.4c4c5b070e09afe037a1.chunk.js",9:"9.ba3b9a5f540f057fca46.chunk.js",10:"10.3c850061770df8801575.chunk.js",11:"11.df971dd9c4ab435fd421.chunk.js",12:"12.81905afa591a4796dcfc.chunk.js",13:"13.0f78c0c77d45cd79ac26.chunk.js",14:"14.f8f9f24d15e1cc4372a1.chunk.js",15:"15.6badd92530b5da668e98.chunk.js",16:"16.ef87b8dc2f87ca2d40a1.chunk.js",17:"17.bf842b852470057c4f0b.chunk.js",18:"18.f091321e6a0bbf16bf1f.chunk.js",19:"19.0297861a162b49308887.chunk.js",20:"20.7281da4b01eb4eb4bf1f.chunk.js",21:"21.781ca5137a9c76031df2.chunk.js",22:"22.c7dfd45fc0bd41c7618d.chunk.js",23:"23.8c4885794fd57453884a.chunk.js",24:"24.1447090b6f41a311414e.chunk.js",25:"25.021a38e680888fe2ac7e.chunk.js",26:"26.1afe06be0d6164d3409a.chunk.js",27:"27.dc70b696039ad4762a3b.chunk.js",28:"28.8c383709ce92ecae6b0c.chunk.js",29:"29.f594eb538f606ae17c50.chunk.js",30:"30.a2c1dfc70e0fac57b2a4.chunk.js",31:"31.2eaee95b85227b23ccd8.chunk.js",32:"32.528e99c8151fef966483.chunk.js",33:"33.c3b7530ab92bc1280136.chunk.js",34:"34.1eb5635dc498ad450839.chunk.js",35:"35.e71c1e7bc6092ff2a35f.chunk.js",36:"36.0d174c67ddb177944140.chunk.js",37:"37.af1c6ed4cde9120da636.chunk.js",38:"38.fb0dd22a16e7b597ef93.chunk.js",39:"39.c17f705a3438de3dc997.chunk.js",40:"40.d509fa240e2adf2888aa.chunk.js",41:"41.37d2f0e0e06a3c7d816b.chunk.js",42:"42.4febbf78adc3084afec3.chunk.js",43:"43.7aa48b320fcf69adb0a3.chunk.js",44:"44.5e6da9391c7412910447.chunk.js",45:"45.a17d5b7c5e534f260841.chunk.js",46:"46.a1d3a7790959ac892ed0.chunk.js",47:"47.241627b0e5da4ce35606.chunk.js",48:"48.84f9532a64f5a3beb20c.chunk.js",49:"49.f8527afe7cade8fc293a.chunk.js",50:"50.776b466f9019479de8fc.chunk.js",51:"51.ca34827c84d4bcc82079.chunk.js",52:"52.517f4f6c63395646cdd7.chunk.js",53:"53.e3a2103e4151cd13300f.chunk.js",54:"athena.5e6c5b01662cea2c8b1a.chunk.js",55:"hera.b69b80db056ad9c9389f.chunk.js",56:"hermes.29bb236b97c128e8b6ee.chunk.js",57:"iris.834233a6fb064bf576a9.chunk.js",58:"hephaestus.7ac71b3274dda739ba1f.chunk.js",59:"59.ce1aefa687f2ef9c9908.chunk.js",60:"60.5070b818882287dfc402.chunk.js",61:"61.19d5149d0a2bd9ef3c1e.chunk.js",62:"62.d7831f900b939591822e.chunk.js"}</script><link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/favicon.ico" crossorigin="anonymous"><link href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.allapps.add899080acbbeed5bb6a7301d234b65.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><link href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.hermes.689f9795642815d4b8afd20e446a174d.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/hermes.29bb236b97c128e8b6ee.js" as="script" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.hermes.689f9795642815d4b8afd20e446a174d.css" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/allapps.commons.8395b1aa9666e3271c40.js" as="script" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.allapps.add899080acbbeed5bb6a7301d234b65.css" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/vendor.83e606c69fc5ae7aeb9b.js" as="script" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/core/styles/fonts/Fakt-Soft-Pro-SemiBold/FaktSoftPro-SemiBold.1901bce5eea18c64a60693e961585ba1.woff" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/core/styles/fonts/Fakt-Soft-Pro-Blond/FaktSoftPro-Blond.4ab21e2be2f31a0ab8d798a9c65f99c1.woff" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="prefetch" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/hera.b69b80db056ad9c9389f.js" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="prefetch" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/iris.834233a6fb064bf576a9.js" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="prefetch" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/athena.5e6c5b01662cea2c8b1a.js" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="prefetch" href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/moment-timezone-data.8189aab661847dea1b73.chunk.js" crossorigin="anonymous"><link 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href="https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/core/assets/fonts/MaterialIcons-Regular.570eb83859dc23dd0eec423a49e147fe.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"></head><body><main id="app"><!--[if lt IE 8]>
  <p class="browserupgrade">You are using an outdated browser. Please <a href="http://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience.</p>
  <![endif]--><noscript>Kalo - Work without boundaries Please wait a moment as we load Kalo. Please make sure you have Javascript enabled to continue. Kalo’s aim is to give companies complete visibility over their external network.</noscript><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5XLW75" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript></main><div class="root __splash"><style>html{position:static!important;overflow-y:auto}.root{transition:opacity .35s linear;color:#234957;background-color:#f9fafc;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;opacity:1}.root.exit{opacity:0!important}.navigation{height:60px;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #eceff1}.login{background:#ea5f6e;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;width:50%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.login{width:100%;right:0}}.hide{display:none!important}.logo{height:107px}</style><div id="navbar" class="navigation hide"></div><div id="login" class="login hide"><div class="logo"><svg width="160" height="70" viewBox="0 0 206 90" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Kalo</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" fill="#fff" d="M17.629 47.172c2.31 0 4.254-.986 6.078-2.833l18.845-19.706c1.824-1.971 3.89-2.957 6.323-2.957 7.294 0 10.212 9.114 5.835 13.55L35.378 54.562l18.724 19.706c3.283 3.571 3.526 8.498.244 12.07-1.46 1.601-3.406 2.464-5.837 2.464-2.552 0-4.62-.986-6.2-2.834L23.707 65.646c-1.7-1.847-3.647-2.832-5.835-2.832h-1.58v17.612c0 4.804-3.405 8.5-8.147 8.5-4.376 0-8.145-3.942-8.145-8.5V8.498C0 3.695 3.647 0 8.145 0c4.5 0 8.147 3.695 8.147 8.498v38.674h1.337zm97.134 29.56c0 2.586-.972 4.433-2.916 5.789-6.566 4.557-15.077 6.773-25.654 6.773-16.656 0-25.653-9.236-25.653-21.676 0-11.455 8.146-20.076 25.045-20.076 3.891 0 8.39.616 13.496 1.848v-3.326c0-6.528-3.283-9.608-11.55-9.608-3.525 0-7.417.74-11.672 2.095-6.686 2.094-11.185-1.11-11.185-6.405 0-3.572 1.823-6.035 5.35-7.513 4.742-2.094 10.698-3.08 17.871-3.08 17.872 0 26.868 8.376 26.868 25.003v30.176zm-15.682-4.68V60.965c-4.378-1.354-8.39-1.97-12.159-1.97-6.443 0-10.577 3.202-10.577 8.006 0 5.296 4.134 8.252 10.942 8.252 4.5 0 8.51-1.11 11.794-3.203zm39.845 8.904c0 4.803-3.405 8.498-8.147 8.498-4.376 0-8.145-3.941-8.145-8.498V9.15c0-4.803 3.647-8.62 8.145-8.62 4.5 0 8.147 3.817 8.147 8.62v71.806zm57.513 1.359c-5.348 4.681-12.035 7.02-20.06 7.02-7.903 0-14.589-

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https://assets-frontend.kalohq.ink/style.allapps.add899080acbbeed5bb6a7301d234b65.css only returns CORS headers when an "Origin" header is present (which is sent with a CORS request, but not regular requests).

Here's what happens:

  1. User fetches CSS as part of a no-CORS request (eg, <link rel="stylesheet">). This caches due to the Cache-Control header.
  2. User fetches CSS as part of a CORS request. The response comes from the cache.
  3. CORS check fails, no Access-Control-Allow-Origin header.

The server is at fault here, it should use the Vary header to indicate its response changes depending on the Origin header (and others). It sends this header in response to CORS requests, but it should send it in response to non-CORS requests too.

Chrome is somewhat at fault here, as it should use the credentials mode of the request as part of the caching key, so a non-credentialed request (such as those sent by fetch()) shouldn't match items in the cache that were requested with credentials. I think there are other browsers that behave like Chrome here, but Firefox doesn't.

However, since you're using a CDN, you can't rely on browsers to get this right, as the caching may still happen at the CDN. Adding the correct Vary header is the right fix.

tl;dr: Add the following header to all of your responses that support CORS:

Vary: Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method

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