apache - RewriteCond to match query string parameters in any order

Question

I have a URL which may contain three parameters:

1. ?category=computers
2. &subcategory=laptops
3. &product=dell-inspiron-15

I need 301 redirect this URL to its friendly version:

http://store.example.com/computers/laptops/dell-inspiron-15/

I have this but cannot make it to work if the query string parameters are in any other order:

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^category=(w+)&subcategory=(w+)&product=(w+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index.php$ http://store.example.com/%1/%2/%3/? [R,L]

Answer 1

You can achieve this with multiple steps, by detecting one parameter and then forwarding to the next step and then redirecting to the final destination

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^category=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index.php$ $0/%1

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^subcategory=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &subcategory=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index.php/[^/]+$ $0/%1

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^product=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &product=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index.php/([^/]+/[^/]+)$ http://store.example.com/$1/%1/? [R,L]

---

To avoid the OR and double condition, you can use

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (?:^|&)category=([^&]+) [NC]

as @TrueBlue suggested.

Another approach is to prefix the TestString QUERY_STRING with an ampersand &, and check always

RewriteCond &%{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]

---

This technique (prefixing the TestString) can also be used to carry forward already found parameters to the next RewriteCond. This lets us simplify the three rules to just one

RewriteCond &%{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteCond %1!&%{QUERY_STRING} (.+)!.*&subcategory=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteCond %1/%2!&%{QUERY_STRING} (.+)!.*&product=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index.php$ http://store.example.com/%1/%2/? [R,L]

The ! is only used to separate the already found and reordered parameters from the QUERY_STRING.