python - Loading text file containing both float and string using numpy.loadtxt

Question

I have a text file, data.txt, which contains:

5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.8,2.7,4.1,1.0,Iris-versicolor
6.2,2.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.4,3.1,5.5,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.0,3.0,4.8,1.8,Iris-virginica

How do I load this data using numpy.loadtxt() so that I get a NumPy array after loading such as [['5.1' '3.5' '1.4' '0.2' 'Iris-setosa'] ['4.9' '3.0' '1.4' '0.2' 'Iris-setosa'] ...]?

I tried

np.loadtxt(open("data.txt"), 'r',
           dtype={
               'names': (
                   'sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length',
                   'petal width', 'label'),
               'formats': (
                   np.float, np.float, np.float, np.float, np.str)},
           delimiter= ',', skiprows=0)

Answer 1

If you use np.genfromtxt, you could specify dtype=None, which will tell genfromtxt to intelligently guess the dtype of each column. Most conveniently, it relieves you of the burder of specifying the number of bytes required for the string column. (Omitting the number of bytes, by specifying e.g. np.str, does not work.)

In [58]: np.genfromtxt('data.txt', delimiter=',', dtype=None, names=('sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width', 'label'))
Out[58]: 
array([(5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2, 'Iris-setosa'),
       (4.9, 3.0, 1.4, 0.2, 'Iris-setosa'),
       (5.8, 2.7, 4.1, 1.0, 'Iris-versicolor'),
       (6.2, 2.2, 4.5, 1.5, 'Iris-versicolor'),
       (6.4, 3.1, 5.5, 1.8, 'Iris-virginica'),
       (6.0, 3.0, 4.8, 1.8, 'Iris-virginica')], 
      dtype=[('sepal_length', '<f8'), ('sepal_width', '<f8'), ('petal_length', '<f8'), ('petal_width', '<f8'), ('label', 'S15')])

---

If you do want to use np.loadtxt, then to fix your code with minimal changes, you could use:

np.loadtxt("data.txt",
   dtype={'names': ('sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width', 'label'),
          'formats': (np.float, np.float, np.float, np.float, '|S15')},
   delimiter=',', skiprows=0)

The main difference is simply changing np.str to |S15 (a 15-byte string).

Also note that open("data.txt"), 'r' should be open("data.txt", 'r'). But since np.loadtxt can accept a filename, you don't really need to use open at all.