singleton - Defining my own None-like Python constant

Question

I have a situation in which I'm asked to read collections of database update instructions from a variety of sources. All sources will contain a primary key value so that the code that applies the updates to the database can find the correct record. The files will vary, however, in what additional columns are reported.

When I read and create my update instructions I must differentiate between an update in which a column (for instance, MiddleName) was provided but was empty (meaning no middle name and the field should be updated to NULL) and an update in which the MiddleName field was not included (meaning the update should not touch the middle name column at all).

The former situation (column provided but no value) seems appropriately represented by the None value. For the second situation, however, I'd like to have a NotInFile "value" that I can use similar to the way I use None.

Is the correct way to implement this as follows?

NotInFile = 1

class PersonUpdate(object):

     def __init__(self):

         self.PersonID = None
         self.FirstName = NotInFile
         self.MiddleName = NotInFile

and then in another module

import othermod
upd = othermod.PersonUpdate()
if upd.MiddleName is othermod.NotInFile:
    print 'Hey, middle name was not supplied'

Answer 1

I don't see anything particularly wrong with your implementation. however, 1 isn't necessarily the best sentinel value as it is a cached constant in Cpython. (e.g. -1+2 is 1 will return True). In these cases, I might consider using a sentinel object instance:

NotInFile = object()

python also provides a few other named constants which you could use if it seems appropriate: NotImplemented and Ellipsis come to mind immediately. (Note that I'm not recommending you use these constants ... I'm just providing more options).