python - Cython: cimport and import numpy as (both) np

Question

In the tutorial of the Cython documentation, there are cimport and import statements of numpy module:

import numpy as np
cimport numpy as np

I found this convention is quite popular among numpy/cython users.

This looks strange for me because they are both named as np. In which part of the code, imported/cimported np are used? Why cython compiler does not confuse them?

Answer 1

cimport my_module gives access to C functions or attributes or even sub-modules under my_module

import my_module gives access to Python functions or attributes or sub-modules under my_module.

In your case:

cimport numpy as np

gives you access to Numpy C API, where you can declare array buffers, variable types and so on...

And:

import numpy as np

gives you access to NumPy-Python functions, such as np.array, np.linspace, etc

Cython internally handles this ambiguity so that the user does not need to use different names.