You can create a new BufferedImage of the required type and then draw the original image on it, something like:
BufferedImage bufImg = ImageIO.read( imageURL );
BufferedImage convertedImg = new BufferedImage(bufImg.getWidth(), bufImg.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_USHORT_565_RGB);
convertedImg.getGraphics().drawImage(bufImg, 0, 0, null);
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