python - Why can't pass *args and **kwargs in __init__ of a child class

Question

To understand *args and **kwargs I made some searchs about, when I fell on this question *args and **kwargs?

The answer below the chosen answer caught my attention, which is this:

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self, value1, value2):
    # do something with the values
        print value1, value2

class MyFoo(Foo):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    # do something else, don't care about the args
        print 'myfoo'
        super(MyFoo, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

I tried some things on this example and running the code this way:

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self, value1, value2):
    # do something with the values
        print 'I think something is being called here'
        print value1, value2


class MyFoo(Foo):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    # do something else, don't care about the args
        print args, kwargs
        super(MyFoo, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)


foo = MyFoo('Python', 2.7, stack='overflow')

I got this:

[...]
    super(MyFoo, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'stack'

Changing to be like super(MyFoo, self).__init__(args, kwargs)

the results are:

('Python', 2.7) {'stack': 'overflow'}
I think something is being called here
('Python', 2.7) {'stack': 'overflow'}

For some blow mind reasons I'm questioning this: what could be right and wrong in the example above? What would be allowed to do and what wouldn't in real life production?

Answer 1

Your Foo.__init__() does not support arbitrary keyword arguments. You can add **kw to it's signature to make it accept them:

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self, value1, value2, **kw):
       print 'I think something is being called here'
       print value1, value2, kw

Keyword parameters are matched only with arguments with exact matching keyword names; your Foo method would need to have Python and stack keyword parameters. If no matching keyword parameter are found but a **kw parameter is, they are collected in that parameter instead.

If your subclass knows that the parent class only has positional arguments, you can always pass in positionals:

class MyFoo(Foo):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    # do something else, don't care about the args
        print args, kwargs
        while len(args) < 2:
            args += kwargs.popitem()
        super(MyFoo, self).__init__(*args[:2])

where you now must pass in two or more arguments to MyFoo for the call to work.

In essence, super().methodname returns a reference to the bound method; from there on out it is a normal method, so you need to pass in arguments that any method can accept. If your method doesn't accept keyword arguments, you get an exception.