cmd - Why does calling a nested batch file without prepending "call" to the line exit the parent batch file?

Question

I understand how to call nested batch files from within a parent file using the call command, as there are plenty of resources on that:

• CALL
• CALL (SS64)
• Bat file termination

However, I don't understand why calling another batch file from another terminates the parent.

For a less abstract example, suppose I have a batch file that "links" together separate batch files, and I erroneously didn't prepend call to each line:

foo.bat
bar.bat

This would only execute foo.bat and then exit. To correctly execute both commands, I would have to prepend call before each statement:

call foo.bat
call bar.bat

Why does the first functionality still exist? Why hasn't it been changed? I noticed that call was introduced in MS-DOS 3.3, which was released in the late 1980s, so is this functionality still here for reverse compatibility?

I can't think of any (practical) usages of it, but perhaps I'm too used to "new" programming techniques.

Answer 1

DOS used simple text processing (back when you had things like FILES=20 in config.sys to allow 20 file handles), so opened the file, read the next line, closed the file, then executed the line just read. If the file called another, then the processing continued with that file, so only 1 file handle would be required for a batch file.

Until Microsoft put in the call command, there was no way to get back to the original file (without using tricks like giving the name of the previous file as a parameter, and using temporary files to let the original batch file know it had dome some processing, and could then GOTO the next part of the file).