c# - Why does adding double.epsilon to a value result in the same value, perfectly equal?

Question

I have a unit test, testing boundaries:

[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
public void CreateExtent_InvalidTop_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException()
{
    var invalidTop = 90.0 + Double.Epsilon;
    new Extent(invalidTop, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
}

public static readonly double MAX_LAT = 90.0;

public Extent(double top, double right, double bottom, double left)
{
    if (top > GeoConstants.MAX_LAT)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("top"); // not hit
}

I thought I'd just tip the 90.0 over the edge by adding the minimum possible positive double to it, but now the exception is not thrown, any idea why?

When debugging, I see top as coming in as 90, when it should be 90.00000000.... something.

EDIT: I should have thought a bit harder, 90+Double.Epsilon will lose its resolution. Seems the best way to go is do some bit shifting.

SOLUTION:

[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
public void CreateExtent_InvalidTop_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException()
{
    var invalidTop = Utility.IncrementTiny(90); // 90.000000000000014
    // var sameAsEpsilon = Utility.IncrementTiny(0);
    new Extent(invalidTop, 0, 0, 0);
}

/// <summary>
/// Increment a double-precision number by the smallest amount possible
/// </summary>
/// <param name="number">double-precision number</param>
/// <returns>incremented number</returns>
public static double IncrementTiny(double number)
{
    #region SANITY CHECKS
    if (Double.IsNaN(number) || Double.IsInfinity(number))
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("number");
    #endregion

    var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(number);

    // if negative then go opposite way
    if (number > 0)
        return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(bits + 1);
    else if (number < 0)
        return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(bits - 1);
    else
        return Double.Epsilon;
}

/// <summary>
/// Decrement a double-precision number by the smallest amount possible
/// </summary>
/// <param name="number">double-precision number</param>
/// <returns>decremented number</returns>
public static double DecrementTiny(double number)
{
    #region SANITY CHECKS
    if (Double.IsNaN(number) || Double.IsInfinity(number))
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("number");
    #endregion

    var bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(number);

    // if negative then go opposite way
    if (number > 0)
        return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(bits - 1);
    else if (number < 0)
        return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(bits + 1);
    else
        return 0 - Double.Epsilon;
}

This does the job.

Answer 1

Per the documentation of Double.Epsilon:

The value of the Epsilon property reflects the smallest positive Double value that is significant in numeric operations or comparisons when the value of the Double instance is zero.

(Emphasis mine.)

Adding it to 90.0 does not produce "the next smallest value after 90.0", this just yields 90.0 again.