开源软件名称(OpenSource Name):mikel/mail开源软件地址(OpenSource Url):https://github.com/mikel/mail开源编程语言(OpenSource Language):Ruby 98.9%开源软件介绍(OpenSource Introduction):IntroductionMail is an internet library for Ruby that is designed to handle email generation, parsing and sending in a simple, rubyesque manner. The purpose of this library is to provide a single point of access to handle all email functions, including sending and receiving email. All network type actions are done through proxy methods to Net::SMTP, Net::POP3 etc. Built from my experience with TMail, it is designed to be a pure ruby implementation that makes generating, sending and parsing email a no brainer. It is also designed from the ground up to work with the more modern versions of Ruby. Modern Rubies handle text encodings much more wonderfully than before so these features have been taken full advantage of in this library allowing Mail to handle a lot more messages more cleanly than TMail. Finally, Mail has been designed with a very simple object oriented system that really opens up the email messages you are parsing, if you know what you are doing, you can fiddle with every last bit of your email directly. You can contribute to this libraryYes, you! Mail is used in countless apps by people around the world. It is, like all open source software, a labour of love borne from our free time. If you would like to say thanks, please dig in and contribute alongside us! Triage and fix GitHub issues, improve our documentation, add new features—up to you! Thank you for pitching in. Contents
CompatibilityMail supports Ruby 2.5+, including JRuby and TruffleRuby. As new versions of Ruby are released, Mail will be compatible with support for the "preview" and all "normal maintenance", "security maintenance" and the two most recent "end of life" versions listed at the Ruby Maintenance Branches page. Pull requests to assist in adding support for new preview releases are more than welcome. Every Mail commit is tested by GitHub Actions on all supported Ruby versions. DiscussionIf you want to discuss mail with like minded individuals, please subscribe to the Google Group. Current Capabilities of Mail
Mail is RFC5322 and RFC6532 compliant now, that is, it can parse US-ASCII and UTF-8 email and generate US-ASCII email. There are a few obsoleted email syntax that it will have problems with, but it also is quite robust, meaning, if it finds something it doesn't understand it will not crash, instead, it will skip the problem and keep parsing. In the case of a header it doesn't understand, it will initialise the header as an optional unstructured field and continue parsing. This means Mail won't (ever) crunch your data (I think). You can also create MIME emails. There are helper methods for making a multipart/alternate email for text/plain and text/html (the most common pair) and you can manually create any other type of MIME email. RoadmapNext TODO:
Testing PolicyBasically... we do BDD on Mail. No method gets written in Mail without a corresponding or covering spec. We expect as a minimum 100% coverage measured by RCov. While this is not perfect by any measure, it is pretty good. Additionally, all functional tests from TMail are to be passing before the gem gets released. It also means you can be sure Mail will behave correctly. You can run tests locally by running You can run tests on all supported Ruby versions by using act. API PolicyNo API removals within a single point release. All removals to be deprecated with warnings for at least one MINOR point release before removal. Also, all private or protected methods to be declared as such - though this is still I/P. InstallationInstallation is fairly simple, I host mail on rubygems, so you can just do:
EncodingsIf you didn't know, handling encodings in Emails is not as straight forward as you would hope. I have tried to simplify it some:
ContributingPlease do! Contributing is easy in Mail. Please read the CONTRIBUTING.md document for more info. UsageAll major mail functions should be able to happen from the Mail module.
So, you should be able to just
Making an emailmail = Mail.new do
from 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net'
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
subject 'This is a test email'
body File.read('body.txt')
end
mail.to_s #=> "From: mikel@test.lindsaar.net\r\nTo: you@... Making an email, have it your way:mail = Mail.new do
body File.read('body.txt')
end
mail['from'] = 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net'
mail[:to] = 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
mail.subject = 'This is a test email'
mail.header['X-Custom-Header'] = 'custom value'
mail.to_s #=> "From: mikel@test.lindsaar.net\r\nTo: you@... Don't Worry About Message IDs:mail = Mail.new do
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
body 'Some simple body'
end
mail.to_s =~ /Message\-ID: <[\d\w_]+@.+.mail/ #=> 27 Mail will automatically add a Message-ID field if it is missing and give it a unique, random Message-ID along the lines of:
Or do worry about Message-IDs:mail = Mail.new do
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
message_id '<ThisIsMyMessageId@some.domain.com>'
body 'Some simple body'
end
mail.to_s =~ /Message\-ID: <ThisIsMyMessageId@some.domain.com>/ #=> 27 Mail will take the message_id you assign to it trusting that you know what you are doing. Sending an email:Mail defaults to sending via SMTP to local host port 25. If you have a sendmail or postfix daemon running on this port, sending email is as easy as: Mail.deliver do
from 'me@test.lindsaar.net'
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
subject 'Here is the image you wanted'
body File.read('body.txt')
add_file '/full/path/to/somefile.png'
end or mail = Mail.new do
from 'me@test.lindsaar.net'
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
subject 'Here is the image you wanted'
body File.read('body.txt')
add_file :filename => 'somefile.png', :content => File.read('/somefile.png')
end
mail.deliver! Sending via sendmail can be done like so: mail = Mail.new do
from 'me@test.lindsaar.net'
to 'you@test.lindsaar.net'
subject 'Here is the image you wanted'
body File.read('body.txt')
add_file :filename => 'somefile.png', :content => File.read('/somefile.png')
end
mail.delivery_method :sendmail
mail.deliver Sending via smtp (for example to mailcatcher) Mail.defaults do
delivery_method :smtp, address: "localhost", port: 1025
end Exim requires its own delivery manager, and can be used like so: mail.delivery_method :exim, :location => "/usr/bin/exim"
mail.deliver Mail may be "delivered" to a logfile, too, for development and testing: # Delivers by logging the encoded message to $stdout
mail.delivery_method :logger
# Delivers to an existing logger at :debug severity
mail.delivery_method :logger, logger: other_logger, severity: :debug Getting Emails from a POP or IMAP Server:You can configure Mail to receive email using # e.g. POP3
Mail.defaults do
retriever_method :pop3, :address => "pop.gmail.com",
:port => 995,
:user_name => '<username>',
:password => '<password>',
:enable_ssl => true
end
# IMAP
Mail.defaults do
retriever_method :imap, :address => "imap.mailbox.org",
:port => 993,
:user_name => '<username>',
:password => '<password>',
:enable_ssl => true
end You can access incoming email in a number of ways. The most recent email: Mail.all #=> Returns an array of all emails
Mail.first #=> Returns the first unread email
Mail.last #=> Returns the last unread email The first 10 emails sorted by date in ascending order: emails = Mail.find(:what => :first, :count => 10, :order => :asc)
emails.length #=> 10 Or even all emails: emails = Mail.all
emails.length #=> LOTS! Reading an Emailmail = Mail.read('/path/to/message.eml')
mail.envelope_from #=> 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net'
mail.from.addresses #=> ['mikel@test.lindsaar.net', 'ada@test.lindsaar.net']
mail.sender.address #=> 'mikel@test.lindsaar.net'
mail.to #=> 'bob@test.lindsaar.net'
mail.cc #=> 'sam@test.lindsaar.net'
mail.subject #=> "This is the subject"
mail.date.to_s #=> '21 Nov 1997 09:55:06 -0600'
mail.message_id #=> '<4D6AA7EB.6490534@xxx.xxx>'
mail.decoded #=> 'This is the body of the email... Many more methods available. Reading a Multipart Emailmail = Mail.read('multipart_email')
mail.multipart? #=> true
mail.parts.length #=> 2
mail.body.preamble #=> "Text before the first part"
mail.body.epilogue #=> "Text after the last part"
mail.parts.map { |p| p.content_type } #=> ['text/plain', 'application/pdf']
mail.parts.map { |p| p.class } #=> [Mail::Message, Mail::Message]
mail.parts[0].content_type_parameters #=> {'charset' => 'ISO-8859-1'}
mail.parts[1].content_type_parameters #=> {'name' => 'my.pdf'} Mail generates a tree of parts. Each message has many or no parts. Each part is another message which can have many or no parts. A message will only have parts if it is a multipart/mixed or multipart/related content type and has a boundary defined. Testing and Extracting Attachmentsmail.attachments.each do | attachment |
# Attachments is an AttachmentsList object containing a
# number of Part objects
if (attachment.content_type.start_with?('image/'))
# extracting images for example...
filename = attachment.filename
begin
File.open(images_dir + filename, "w+b", 0644) {|f| f.write attachment.decoded}
rescue => e
puts "Unable to save data for #{filename} because #{e.message}"
end
end
end Writing and Sending a Multipart/Alternative (HTML and Text) EmailMail makes some basic assumptions and makes doing the common thing as simple as possible.... (asking a lot from a mail library) mail = Mail.deliver do
to 'nicolas@test.lindsaar.net.au'
from 'Mikel Lindsaar <mikel@test.lindsaar.net.au>'
subject 'First multipart email sent with Mail'
text_part do
body 'This is plain text'
end
html_part do
content_type 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
body '<h1>This is HTML</h1>'
end
end Mail then delivers the email at the end of the block and returns the resulting Mail::Message object, which you can then inspect if you so desire...
Mail inserts the content transfer encoding, the mime version, the content-IDs and handles the content-type and boundary. Mail assumes that if your text in the body is only us-ascii, that your transfer encoding is 7bit and it is text/plain. You can override this by explicitly declaring it. Making Multipart/Alternate, Without a BlockYou don't have to use a block with the text and html part included, you can just do it declaratively. However, you need to add Mail::Parts to an email, not Mail::Messages. mail = Mail.new do
to 'nicolas@test.lindsaar.net.au'
from 'Mikel Lindsaar <mikel@test.lindsaar.net.au>'
subject 'First multipart email sent with Mail'
end
text_part = Mail::Part.new do
body 'This is plain text'
end
html_part = Mail::Part.new do
content_type 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'
body '<h1>This is HTML</h1>'
end
mail.text_part = text_part
mail.html_part = html_part Results in the same email as done using the block form Getting Error Reports from an Email:@mail = Mail.read('/path/to/bounce_message.eml')
@mail.bounced? #=> true
@mail.final_recipient #=> rfc822;mikel@dont.exist.com
@mail.action #=> failed
@mail.error_status #=> 5.5.0
@mail.diagnostic_code #=> smtp;550 Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable
@mail.retryable? #=> false Attaching and Detaching FilesYou can just read the file off an absolute path, Mail will try to guess the mime_type and will encode the file in Base64 for you. @mail = Mail.new
@mail.add_file("/path/to/file.jpg")
@mail.parts.first.attachment? #=> true
@mail.parts.first.content_transfer_encoding.to_s #=> 'base64'
@mail.attachments.first.mime_type #=> 'image/jpg'
@mail.attachments.first.filename #=> 'file.jpg'
@mail.attachments.first.decoded == File.read('/path/to/file.jpg') #=> true Or You can pass in file_data and give it a filename, again, mail will try and guess the mime_type for you. 全部评论
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